Ultrasound Fundamentals

Ultrasound Fundamentals teaches how medical ultrasound works, from the physics of a single wave to the design, testing, and regulation of the devices that use it. Written for engineers, its lessons pair the equations behind each idea with illustrations, worked examples, and interactive labs and calculators. A COMPLETE COURSE • 13 modules and 65 lessons, from wave physics to elastography, therapy, and medical device engineering • 284 typeset equations with symbol legends • 94 worked examples with solutions you can reveal • 58 native illustrations and diagrams • Callouts for key ideas, engineering practice, clinical notes, pitfalls, and history • A quiz for every module (144 questions) plus a mixed review, with every answer explained WHAT YOU'LL LEARN • Foundations: waves, the acoustic wave equation, impedance, intensity, and decibels • Mathematics: phasors, Fourier analysis, convolution, sampling, and the analytic signal • Propagation: reflection, refraction, scattering and speckle, attenuation, and harmonics • Transducers: piezoelectricity, construction, beams, arrays, manufacturing, and failure modes • Beamforming: focusing, steering, receive beamforming, beam patterns, and plane-wave imaging • Imaging: resolution, image formation, imaging modes, image quality, and performance testing • Electronics: transmit and receive chains, coded excitation, noise, and real-time computing • Doppler: continuous-wave, pulsed, color, and power Doppler, spectral indices, and vector flow • Artifacts: propagation, attenuation, beam, and Doppler artifacts • Safety: acoustic output, thermal and mechanical indices, bioeffects, regulation, and safety testing • Advanced topics: elastography, contrast agents, therapeutic ultrasound, and research frontiers • Medical device engineering: regulatory pathways, quality systems, risk management, electrical safety and EMC, software and cybersecurity, and verification and validation • The device landscape: handheld, intracavity, monitoring, therapeutic, and surgical devices 16 INTERACTIVE LABS • Wave Tank: the 2-D acoustic wave equation solved on the GPU in real time, showing reflection, refraction, focusing, and scattering • Channel Data Beamformer: delay-and-sum beamforming with plane-wave compounding, on a built-in phantom or your own NumPy .npz data • B-Mode Image Formation: a simulated speckle phantom with cysts, lesions, and wire targets • Array Beam Pattern: main lobe, side lobes, and grating lobes, with fault injection for dead elements, delay errors, and more • Acoustic Output & Indices: MI, TIS, TIB, TIC, and derated intensities against FDA Track 3 limits • Plus wave propagation, reflection and refraction, attenuation, pulse spectra, A-mode, transducer beams, matching layers, transmit beamforming, the receive signal chain, Doppler aliasing, and the spectral Doppler display 14 ENGINEERING TOOLS Calculators for wave parameters, impedance and reflection, attenuation, decibels, beams and focusing, array design, transducer stacks, range and frame rate, Doppler, shear-wave elastography, acoustic output, and data converters. The Probe & System Designer turns an application into a design and reviews it, and the Standards Navigator lists the regulations and standards likely to apply to a device. A REFERENCE LIBRARY A searchable formula sheet (115 formulas) and glossary (288 terms), 48 rules of thumb, material properties, symbols and units, a gallery of every illustration, and further reading: 44 books, papers, standards, regulations, and simulation tools. DESIGNED FOR IPHONE AND IPAD • Native math typesetting with Dynamic Type, dark mode, and VoiceOver support • Lessons, labs, and tools all work offline • Progress, bookmarks, and quiz scores stay on your device • No account, no ads, no tracking Ultrasound Fundamentals is an educational resource. It is not a medical device and must not be used for diagnosis or treatment, or to configure clinical equipment.